Classical probability theory (CPT) has represented the rational standard for decision making in human cognition. Even though CPT has provided many descriptively excellent decision models, there have ...

Humans and other animals are capable of reasoning. However, there are overwhelming examples of errors or anomalies in reasoning. In two experiments, we studied if rats, like humans, estimate the ...

Attributing higher "probability" to a sentence of form p-and-q, relative to p, is a reasoning fallacy only if (1) the word probability carries its modern, technical ...

Summary: Like humans, rats fall prey to conjunction fallacies, or the incorrect assumption that if two events sometimes occur at the same time, they are more likely to occur together than either event ...

Animals, like humans, appear to be troubled by a Linda problem. The famous “Linda problem” was designed by psychologists to illustrate how people fall prey to what is known as the conjunction fallacy: ...

In this paper, I argue that the probability model used to infer irrationality for the subjects in the famous Linda problem is not appropriate, and I suggest different approaches based on fuzzy ...