Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK. I will explain the occurrence of involution as a social phenomenon through the lens of educational inequality, arguing that involution is ...

Involution, as a rising sociocultural phenomenon in contemporary Chinese society, has raised concerns about its potential psychological impact on young people. However, little is known about how ...

Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in Chinese Higher Education: Emerging Challenges ...

Abstract: Involution, characterized by intensified competition for limited social resources without generating additional societal value, has become a critical issue in modern social systems. This ...