Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP) has emerged as a powerful framework for the design of optimal control policies in nonlinear dynamical systems, particularly when precise mathematical models are ...

Abstract: This letter focuses on a safety-critical solution to equality-constrained nonlinear programming, where the cost and the constraints vary continuously over time. To address this problem, we ...

PV-PQ switching is always a difficult problem to solve in the calculation of power flow using the Newton-Raphson (N-R) method. Firstly, suitable PV buses cannot be selected for switching, making ...